Linux/Mac Commands

Navigating the file system:

To change current directory to a directroy called ‘my_directory’. That directory must exist in the current directory.

           $ cd my_directory

To change the current directory to a subdirectory called ‘mydir3’. ‘mydir3’ is subdirectory under multiple levels.

          $ cd my_dir1/my_dir2/mydir3

To change the current director back out one level. 

           $ cd/..

To change the current director back out Three level. 

       $ cd/../../..

 

To see  items in the current directory. Only shows the names of the items.

          $ ls

To list the files and directories in more detail. You can tell if an item is a file or a directory. It will also show the owner and size of the items.

        $ ls -la

Creating and managing files and directories:

$ mkdir directoryName

To move files to new location 

       $ mv file  ” new file path”

To rename the files to a new fileName

      $ mv filename  new_file_name

$ cp filename ” new directory path”

$ rm filename

$ rm – r name 

Viewing and editing files:

Searching and filtering:

$ grep [options] pattern [files]

the -i option enables Case insensitive search

     $grep -i ‘Word’  filename

$ find [where to start searching from] [expressions determine what to find] [options] [what to find]

To search a file with a specific name 

     $ find  ./GFG -name filename

Permissions and ownership:

To give a read and write permission

      $ chomd u = rw new_filename

      $ chown [option] [owner] [:[Group]] file

To change owner of a file 

      $ chown owner_name file_aname

Miscellaneous:

Windows Commands

Navigating the file system:

Creating and managing files and directories:

To copy file1.txt to file2.txt

          C:\ > copy file1.txt file2.txt or

To copy the whole folder with its contents to a new folder

        C:\ > copy foldername newfoldername /s

To rename file1.txt to file2.txt

    C:\ > move file1.txt file2.txt or ren file1.txt file2.txt 

To rename the folder.

    C:\ > move foldername newfoldername or ren foldername newfoldername

To delete file1.txt

C:\ > del file1.txt or erase file1.txt   

Viewing and editing files:

Searching and filtering:

To search for “search_string” in file1.txt

      C:\ >  find “search_string” file1.txt or findstr /s /c:”search_string” file1.txt 

To search for files in the directory “C:\Windows” and print their name

         C:\ >  forfiles /p “C:\Windows” /s /c “cmd /c echo @file” 

Permissions and ownership:

To view the permissions of file1.txt

          C:\ >  cacls file1.txt

    To give permission

          C:\ >  cacls file1.txt /g user1:F 

Miscellaneous: